The representatives of Mannerism moved away from the Renaissance harmonic perception of the world, the humanistic concept of man as a perfect creation of nature. Mannerism - (from the Italian maniera - reception, manner) flow in the European art of the XVI century. Elements of this style in modern art are often used in wall paintings, less often in easel painting. The question of the chronological borders of the Renaissance (in Italy - 14-16 centuries, in other countries - 15-16 centuries), its territorial distribution and national characteristics is difficult. The culture of the Renaissance has specific features of the transitional era from the Middle Ages to the new time, in which the old and the new, intertwining, form a peculiar, qualitatively new alloy. The main distinctive features of the Renaissance culture: a secular character, a humanistic world view, an appeal to the ancient cultural heritage, a kind of “revival” of it (hence the name). Rinascimento) Epoch in the cultural and ideological development of a number of countries in Western and Central Europe, as well as some countries in Eastern Europe. Revival (Renaissance) - (French Renaissance, Italian. Since the end of the last century, there is a Gothic subculture, clearly manifested in music, poetry, clothing design. The basis of the Gothic style was architecture, which is characterized by high-pointed lancet arches, multi-colored stained-glass windows, and visual dematerialization of the form.Įlements of Gothic art can often be found in modern interior design, in particular, in wall paintings, less often in easel painting. He embraced all types of art - architecture, sculpture, painting, stained glass, book design, decorative and applied art. It was the result of the centuries-old evolution of medieval art, its highest stage and at the same time the first in the history of European, international art style. Gothic - art style, formed in the countries of Western and Central Europe in the XII-XV centuries. On the other hand, the concept of symbolism as an artistic direction is well developed in literature, while in painting it is very blurry and unites artists who are so different stylistically that it is often interpreted only as a unifying worldview.īelow are the definitions of epochs, styles and trends, which in one way or another were reflected in modern visual and decorative-applied art. Modern style, for example, includes a number of areas of the turn of the century: post-impressionism, symbolism, fauvism, etc. The artistic direction consists of both the typical for this era of signs, and from the peculiar ways of artistic thinking. Within the same style there can be several artistic trends. It should be distinguished: artistic styles, trends, trends, schools and features of individual styles of individual masters. Styles such as classicism and baroque are called big styles because they apply to all types of art: architecture, painting, decorative and applied arts, literature, music. For example, Classicism, Academism and Baroque in the XVII century, Rococo and Neoclassicism - in the XVIII, Romanticism and Academism - in the XIX. In the same historical epoch several styles can coexist. Many styles coexist at the same time and therefore there is no “pure style” at all. Within the framework of one historical artistic style, a new one is always born, and that, in turn, passes into the next. Styles in art have no clear boundaries, they smoothly transform one into the other and are in continuous development, mixing and opposition. Such are the Primitive Epoch, the Epoch of the Ancient World, Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the New Age. Each epoch is characterized by a certain “picture of the world”, which consists of philosophical, religious, political ideas, scientific ideas, psychological characteristics of world perception, ethical and moral norms, aesthetic criteria of life, according to which they distinguish one era from another. The largest in the history of art is the concept of an era. Our perception of art is also historically variable.īuilding a style system in a hierarchical order, we will adhere to the Eurocentric tradition. The change of some ways of artistic thinking by others (alternation of types of compositions, methods of spatial constructions, features of color) is not accidental. The key feature by which works can be grouped by style are the unified principles of artistic thinking. The number of styles and trends is huge, if not infinite.
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